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A methanol extract of Nardostachys jatamansi possess significant antiproliferative potential.9/22/2016
PMID: BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015 ;15:50. Epub 2015 Mar 10. PMID: 25886964 Abstract Title: Evaluation of antioxidant and anticancer activity of extract and fractions of Nardostachys jatamansi DC in breast carcinoma. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Nardostachys jatamansi DC is a Himalayan medicinal herb that has been described in various traditional systems of medicine for its use in cancer. In view of its traditional claims, and chemical constituents, antioxidant and anticancer activities were evaluated in breast carcinoma.METHODS: Petroleum ether (NJPE), methanol extract (NJM) and subsequent diethyl ether (NJDE), ethyl acetate (NJEA) and aqueous (NJAQ) fractions of roots and rhizomes of N. jatamansi were prepared. Total phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities were determined using suitable methods. Antiproliferative activity was assessed in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (MCF-7) and ER-negative breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231) cells by MTT and SRB assay. Cell cycle analysis, Hoechst staining, and clonogenic assay were employed to determine the mode of antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity in MDA-MB-231 cells.RESULTS: NJM/fractions exhibited prominent antioxidant activity with significant correlation between phenolic content and ABTS (IC50) scavenging (R = -0.9680, P 0.05). In MTT assay, NJM exhibited the highest antiproliferative activity (IC50: 58.01 ± 6.13 and 23.83 ± 0.69 μg/mL in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 respectively). Among the fractions, NJPE and NJDE were found to be most potent in MCF-7 (IC50: 60.59 ± 4.78 μg/mL) and MDA-MB-231 (IC50:25.04 ± 0.90 μg/mL) cells respectively. Statistical analyses revealed NJM and NJDE exhibited significantly higher (P
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PMID: Int Immunopharmacol. 2015 Dec ;29(2):730-8. Epub 2015 Sep 11. PMID: 26371857 Abstract Title: Anti-inflammatory effect of desoxo-narchinol-A isolated from Nardostachys jatamansi against lipopolysaccharide. Abstract: We previously reported that Nardostachys jatamansi (NJ) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the active compound in NJ is unknown. Therefore, here, we examined the effects of desoxo-narchinol-A (DN) isolated from NJ against LPS-induced inflammation. To demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effect of DN against LPS, we used two models; murine endotoxin shock model for in vivo model, and peritoneal macrophage responses for in vitro. In endotoxin shock model, DN was administrated intraperitoneally 1h before LPS challenge, then we evaluated mice survival rates and organ damages. Pretreatment with DN (0.05mg/kg, 0.1mg/kg, or 0.5mg/kg) dramatically reduced mortality in a murine LPS-induced endotoxin shock model. Furthermore, DN inhibited tissue injury and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), in the liver and lung. In in vitro macrophage model, we examined the inflammatory mediators and regulatory mechanisms such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). DN inhibited the production of inflammatorymediators, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and its derivative nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and H3 protein acetylation in murine peritoneal macrophages. DN also inhibited p38 activation, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and NF-κB. These results suggest that DN from NJ exhibits protective effects against LPS-induced endotoxin shock and inflammation through p38 deactivation.
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PMID: Antioxidants (Basel). 2015 ;4(1):185-203. Epub 2015 Mar 12. PMID: 26785345 Abstract Title: Antioxidant, Biomolecule Oxidation Protective Activities of Nardostachys jatamansi DC and Its Phytochemical Analysis by RP-HPLC and GC-MS. Abstract: The study aimed at analyzing the metabolite profile of Nardostachys jatamansi using RP-HPLC, GC-MS and also its antioxidant, biomolecule protective and cytoprotective properties. The 70% ethanolic extract of Nardostachys jatamansi (NJE) showed the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids (gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, homovanillin, epicatechin, rutin hydrate and quercetin-3-rhamnoside) analyzed by RP-HPLC, whereas hexane extract revealed an array of metabolites (fatty acids, sesquiterpenes, alkane hydrocarbons and esters) by GC-MS analysis. The antioxidant assays showed the enhanced potency of NJE with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 222.22± 7.4 μg/mL for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 13.90 ± 0.5 μg/mL for 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 113.81 ± 4.2 μg/mL for superoxide, 948 ± 21.1 μg/mL for metal chelating and 12.3 ± 0.43 mg FeSO₄ equivalent/g of extract for ferric reducing antioxidant power assays and was more potent than hexane extract. NJE effectively inhibited 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidation of biomolecules analyzed by pBR322 plasmid DNA damage, protein oxidation of bovine serum albumin and lipid peroxidation assays. The observed effects might be due to the high content of polyphenols, 53.06 ± 2.2 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, and flavonoids, 25.303 ± 0.9 mg catechin equivalents/g, of NJE compared to the hexane fraction. Additionally, the extract abrogated the protein, carbonyl, and ROS formation, and NJEshowed cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells above 75 μg/mL. Thus, the study suggests that the herb unequivocally is a potential source of antioxidants and could aid in alleviating oxidative stress-mediated disorders.
via Health News Spirulina http://www.greenmedinfo.com/article/spikenard-potential-source-antioxidants-and-could-aid-alleviating-oxidative-st Herbals might play an important role in preserving the integrity of various neurotransmitters.9/22/2016
PMID: Adv Neurobiol. 2016;12:107-123. PMID: 27651251 Abstract Title: Efficacy of Natural Compounds in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Abstract: Neurodegenerative disorders represent clusters of serious diseases that results in progressive deterioration of normal structure and physiology of central nervous system. Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's or other neurodegenerative disorders involves multifaceted permutation of genetic and environmental factors. Combinations of lifestyle modification linked with environmental factor jointly or alone represent the largest share of cases of these disorders. Etiology of such neuronal degeneration involves manifestation of toxic reaction in the form of functional anomalies leading to dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, activated inflammatory cascade, compromised neuronal survival pathway, mitochondrial dysfunction and finally neuronal apoptosis/necrosis and cell death. Furthermore, evidences from various studies exhibited role of oxidative stress and compromised anti-oxidant defense system as one of the prime factors associated with activation of various signal transduction pathways that would ultimately lead to the formation of amyloid beta or alpha synuclein in the brain. Keeping in view of complex etiology and pathophysiology along with a miniscule of available treatment options associated with these neurodegenerative disorders, the role of natural agents and herbal extracts as therapeutic alternatives alone or in combination with synthetic drugs could not be ruled out. In the same context the present chapter has been aimed to investigate the role of selected natural plants like Withania somnifera, Bacopa monnieri, Curcuma longa, Centella asiatica, Ocimum sanctum, Nardostachys jatamansi and Emblica officinalis in various neurodegenerative disorders and explore their targets to ameliorate neurotoxicity in various experimental models. The rationale for selection of these plants was based on their strong anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant potential and large body of evidence that suggest their efficacy in preclinical as well as in clinical studies. Active constituents if these herbals might play an important role in preserving the integrity of various neurotransmitters and their receptor in the brain influencing its functions at the molecular level.
via Health News Spirulina http://www.greenmedinfo.com/article/herbals-might-play-important-role-preserving-integrity-various-neurotransmitte Yellow fever vaccine may be linked to neurological problems via a molecular mimicry mechanism.9/22/2016
PMID: Front Neurol. 2016 ;7:130. Epub 2016 Aug 10. PMID: 27559330 Abstract Title: Narcolepsy Following Yellow Fever Vaccination: A Case Report. Abstract: Narcolepsy with cataplexy is a rare, but important differential diagnosis for daytime sleepiness and atonic paroxysms in an adolescent. A recent increase in incidence in the pediatric age group probably linked to the use of the Pandemrix influenza vaccine in 2009, has increased awareness that different environmental factors can"trigger"narcolepsy with cataplexy in a genetically susceptible population. Here, we describe the case of a 13-year-old boy with narcolepsy following yellow fever vaccination. He carries the HLA DQB1*0602 haplotype strongly associated with narcolepsy and cataplexy. Polysomnography showed rapid sleep onset with rapid eye movement (REM) latency of 47 min, significant sleep fragmentation and a mean sleep latency of 1.6 min with sleep onset REM in four out of four nap periods. Together with the clinical history, these findings are diagnostic of narcolepsy type 1. The envelope protein E of the yellow fever vaccine strain 17D has significant amino acid sequence overlap with both hypocretin and the hypocretin receptor 2 receptors in protein regions that are predicted to act as epitopes for antibody production. These findings raise the question whether the yellow fever vaccine strain may, through a potential molecular mimicry mechanism, beanother infectious trigger for this neuro-immunological disorder.
via Health News Spirulina http://www.greenmedinfo.com/article/yellow-fever-vaccine-may-be-linked-neurological-problems-molecular-mimicry-mec Curcumin is effective in promoting the repair of complete sciatic nerve amputation injury.9/22/2016
PMID: Neural Regen Res. 2016 Aug ;11(8):1304-1311. PMID: 27651779 Abstract Title: Curcumin upregulates S100 expression and improves regeneration of the sciatic nerve following its complete amputation in mice. Abstract: The repair of peripheral nerve injury after complete amputation is difficult, and even with anastomosis, the rapid recovery of nerve function remains challenging. Curcumin, extracted from plants of the genus Curcuma, has been shown to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and to improve sciatic nerve crush injury in rats. Here, we determined whether curcumin had neuroprotective effects following complete peripheral nerve amputation injury. BALB/c mice underwent complete sciatic nerve amputation, followed by an immediate epineurium anastomosis. Mice were intragastrically administered curcumin at doses of 40 (high), 20 (moderate), and 10 mg/kg/d (low) for 1 week. We found that myelin in the mice of the high- and moderate-dose curcumin groups appeared with regular shape, uniform thickness, clear boundary, and little hyperplasia surrounding the myelin. High and moderate doses of curcumin markedly improved both action potential amplitude of the sciatic nerves and the conduction velocity of the corresponding motor neurons, and upregulated mRNA and protein expression of S100, a marker for Schwann cell proliferation, in L4-6 spinal cord segments. These results suggest that curcumin is effective in promoting the repair of complete sciatic nerve amputation injury and that the underlying mechanism may be associated with upregulation of S100 expression.
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PMID: J Sport Rehabil. 2016 Aug 24:1-19. Epub 2016 Aug 24. PMID: 27632856 Abstract Title: Effect of Whole Body Vibration Training on Trunk Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Healthy Adults: Preliminary Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Abstract: CONTEXT: Whole-body vibration (WBV) stimulus equipment has been used as a new training method for health promotion. Its use of in its clinical has expanded to the field of sports and rehabilitation for disabled patients. WBV training is rapidly gaining popularity in health and fitness centers as an alternative method for improving muscle performance. Acute positive effects of WBV have been shown on lower extremity muscle power and the ability of vertical jump, however there have not been any studies focusing on the long-term effects of WBV for trunk muscle and dynamic balance.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of an 8-week program of WBV in combination with trunk muscle training on muscular performance in healthy, untrained adults.DESIGN: Laboratory-based, repeated-measures study.SETTING: University laboratory.PARTICIPANTS: Twenty healthy university male subjects.INTERVENTION: Participants were randomly assigned to a WBV or non-WBV group. The WBV group performed a trunk muscle training program in combination with WBV; the non-WBV group performed the same muscle training program without WBV for 8 weeks.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In the pre- and post-training period, the participants were evaluated using the functional movement screen™, Y-test (anterior, posterior-medial, and posterior-lateral reach), trunk muscle isometric strength (flexor, extensor and flexor/extensor ratio), squat jump, and counter-movement jump.RESULTS: The WBV group had greater improvement than the non-WBV group in both trunk flexor muscle strength (p=0.02) and the Y-test (anterior reach) (p=0.004) between pre- and post-training.CONCLUSION: Adding WBV to a trunk muscle strengthening program may improve trunk flexor isometric strength and anterior reach during the Y balance test to a greater extent than training without WBV. The WBV protocol used in this study had no significant impact on FMS scores, squat jumping, counter-movement jumping, trunk extensor isometric strength or trunk flexor/extensor ratio."
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PMID: Respir Care. 2016 Sep 20. Epub 2016 Sep 20. PMID: 27651524 Abstract Title: Does Whole-Body Vibration Improve the Functional Exercise Capacity of Subjects With COPD? A Meta-Analysis. Abstract: Whole-body vibration (WBV) is considered a type of physical activity based on the assumption that it results in an increase in muscle strength and performance and, therefore, may be a promising way to exercise patients with COPD. A comprehensive database search (PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and COCHRANE Library) for randomized trials, including original articles, that compared WBV groups versus control groups was conducted and studies were selected for comparison. The effect of WBV treatment was compared for minimum clinically important differences. The statistical heterogeneity among the studies was assessed using the I(2) statistic; the results are expressed as percentages. Inconsistencies of up to 25% were considered low, those between 50 and 75% were considerate moderate, and those>75% were considered high. Risk of bias was classified based on the Cochrane Collaboration tool, the meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software, and the level of evidence was assessed using the GRADE system. The primary outcome was functional exercise capacity. Secondary outcomes were quality of life, performance in activities of daily living, muscle strength of the lower limbs, and possible adverse effects assessed clinically or by subject reports. We included 4 articles involving 185 subjects for analysis. All subjects in the groups undergoing WBV showed improvement in distance walked in the 6-min walk test compared with the control group (57.85 m, 95% CI 16.36-99.33 m). Regarding the secondary end points, just one article reported improved quality of life and activities of daily living. The only article that assessed muscle strength found no difference between the groups. The quality of evidence for functional exercise capacity outcome was considered moderate. WBV seems to benefit subjects with COPD by improving their functional exercise capacity, without producing adverse effects. The quality of evidence is moderate, but the degree of recommendation is strong.
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PMID: Scand J Gastroenterol. 2016 Sep 21:1-25. Epub 2016 Sep 21. PMID: 27650916 Abstract Title: Low to moderate lifetime alcohol consumption is associated with less advanced stages of fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Moderate alcohol consumption has been associated with a lower risk of disease severity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It is unclear if this reflects current or lifetime drinking, or can be attributed to confounders such as diet and exercise. We evaluated the impact of lifetime alcohol consumption on fibrosis severity in NAFLD.METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 120 subjects with biopsy-proven NAFLD and through detailed questionnaires examined lifetime alcohol consumption, diet and physical activity. Main outcome measures were odds ratios (OR) for fibrosis stage, calculated through ordinal regression after adjustment for body mass index, diabetes mellitus type 2, smoking and age at biopsy. A biomarker for recent alcohol consumption, phosphatidyl ethanol (PEth) was sampled.RESULTS: An increase in median weekly alcohol consumption to a maximum of 13 drinks per week was associated with lower fibrosis stage (adjusted OR for each incremental unit, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.97; p = 0.017). The lowest risk for fibrosis was found with the lowest odds seen in the top quartile of alcohol consumption (aOR 0.23; 95% CI 0.08-0.66; p = 0.006). Adding soft drink and coffee consumptions, and physical activity to the model did not change the estimates. Subjects with PEth ≥ 0.3 μmol/L had higher ORs for a higher fibrosis stage (aOR 2.77; 95% CI 1.01-7.59; p = 0.047).CONCLUSION: Lifetime alcohol consumption with up to 13 units per week is associated with lower fibrosis stage in NAFLD. Elevated PEth is associated with higher stages of fibrosis.
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PMID: Ann Occup Environ Med. 2016;28:47. Epub 2016 Sep 15. PMID: 27651906 Abstract Title: Comparison of anxiety and depression status between office and manufacturing job employees in a large manufacturing company: a cross sectional study. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate whether type of work is associated with anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Additionally, we investigated the impact of number of working hours on anxiety and depression.METHODS: A total of 1774 workers participated and completed the HADS to determine their levels of anxiety and depression. All subjects were employed at one of two manufacturing plants for the same company. Of all participants, 222 were employed in office jobs and 1552 in manufacturing jobs.RESULTS: Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis including age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, factory region, and working hours, indicated that employment in an office job was associated with a 2.17-fold increase in the odds of anxiety compared to a manufacturing job (odds ratio [OR] = 2.17; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.24-3.80). Office jobs were also associated with a 1.94-fold increase in the odds of depression (OR = 1.94; 95 % CI, 1.34-2.82). In addition, number of hours worked was significantly associated with depression, and working hours significantly modified the effect of office job employment on the risk of depression.CONCLUSIONS: Office job workers had higher levels of anxiety and depression than those working in manufacturing jobs. Our findings suggest that occupational physicians should consider the organizational risks faced by office job employees, and consider the differences in psychological health between office and manufacturing job workers when implementing interventions.
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